The efficient and safe operating room air purification system ensures the sterile environment of the operating room, and can meet the highly sterile environment required for organ transplantation, heart, blood vessel, artificial joint replacement and other operations.
Operating room classification:
According to the degree of sterility or sterility of the operation, the operating room can be divided into the following five categories:
1) Class I operating room: the sterile purification operating room, which mainly accepts operations such as brain, heart, and organ transplantation.
2) Class II operating room: the sterile operating room, which mainly accepts aseptic operations such as splenectomy, open reduction of closed fractures, intraocular surgery, and thyroidectomy.
3) Class III operating room: that is, the operating room with bacteria, which accepts operations on the stomach, gallbladder, liver, appendix, kidney, lung and other parts.
4) Class IV operating room: the infection operating room, which mainly accepts operations such as appendix perforation peritonitis surgery, tuberculous abscess, abscess incision and drainage, etc.
5) Class V operating room: the special infection operating room, which mainly accepts operations for infections such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gas gangrene, and tetanus.
According to different specialties, the operating room can be divided into general surgery, orthopedics, obstetrics and gynecology, brain surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and urology. Burns, ENT and other operating rooms. Since the operations of various specialties often require special equipment and instruments, the operating rooms for specialized operations should be relatively fixed.
Operating room:
A complete operating room includes the following parts:
1) Sanitary passage room: including shoe changing room, dressing room, shower room, air shower room, etc.;
2) Operating room: including ordinary operating room, sterile operating room, laminar flow purification operating room, etc.
3) Surgical auxiliary room: including toilet, paralysis room, recovery room, wound room, plaster room, etc.;
4) Detoxification supply room: including disinfection room, supply room, equipment room, dressing room, etc.;
5) Test and diagnosis room: including X-ray, endoscopy, pathology, ultrasound and other inspection rooms;
6) Teaching room: including operating observation table, CCTV classroom, etc.;
Regional division:
The operating room must be strictly divided into restricted area (sterile operating room), semi-restricted area (contaminated operating room) and non-restricted area. There are two designs for the separation of the three areas: one is to set the restricted area and the semi-restricted area in two parts on different floors. This design can completely carry out hygiene isolation, but requires two sets of facilities, increases staff, and is inconvenient to manage; The second is to set up restricted areas and non-restricted areas in different sections of the same floor, transitioning from semi-restricted areas in the middle, and sharing equipment, which is more convenient for design and management.
Restricted areas include sterile operating rooms, toilets, sterile rooms, drug storage rooms, etc. Semi-restricted areas include emergency operating rooms or contaminated operating rooms, equipment dressing preparation rooms, paralysis preparation rooms, and disinfection rooms. The non-restricted area consists of dressing room, plaster room, specimen room, sewage treatment room, paralysis recovery room and nurse's office, medical staff rest room, restaurant, rest room for family members of surgical patients, etc. The duty room and the nurse's office should be located near the entrance.
Location composition:
The operating room should be located in a quiet, clean location where it is easy to communicate with relevant departments. Hospitals with low-level buildings. It should be selected on the flank; for hospitals with high-rise buildings as the main body, the middle floor of the main building should be selected. Operating room and other departments, the location configuration principle of the department is: close to the operating department, blood bank, imaging diagnosis department, laboratory diagnosis department, etc., easy to work contact, should be far away from boiler room, repair room, sewage treatment station, etc., to avoid pollution , to reduce noise. The operating room should avoid direct sunlight as much as possible, it is easy to face north, or shaded by colored glass to facilitate artificial lighting. The orientation of the operating room should avoid air vents to reduce indoor dust density and air pollution. It is usually arranged in a centralized manner, forming a relatively independent medical area, including the operation part and the supply part.
layout:
The overall layout of the operating room is very reasonable. Entering the laboratory adopts a dual-channel solution, such as sterile surgical channels, including medical personnel channels, patient channels, clean items supply channels, and non-clean disposal channels.
Post-surgical instruments, contaminant logistics of dressings. There is also a dedicated green channel for rescuing patients, so that critically ill patients can receive the most timely treatment. It can make the work of the operating room better achieve disinfection and isolation, clean and shunting, and avoid cross-infection to the greatest extent.
The operating room is divided into many operating rooms. According to the different levels of purification, there are two hundred-level operating rooms, two thousand-level operating rooms, and four ten-thousand-level operating rooms. Different levels of operating rooms have different uses: 100-level operating rooms For joint replacement, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery; Class 1000 operating room for orthopaedics, general surgery, a class of wound operations in plastic surgery; Class 10,000 operating room for thoracic surgery, ENT, urology and general surgery In addition to the operation of a class of wounds; the operating room with positive and negative pressure switching can be used for special infection operations. Purifying air conditioners play an irreplaceable role in preventing infection and ensuring the success of surgery, and are an indispensable supporting technology in the operating room. High-level operating rooms require high-quality clean air conditioners, and high-quality clean air conditioners can ensure a high level of operating rooms.
Equipment in the operating room:
Operating room walls and ceilings are made of soundproof, solid, smooth, void-free, fire-resistant, moisture-resistant, and easy-to-clean materials. Colors are light blue and light green. The wall is pinned to the star garden to prevent dust accumulation. Film viewing lamps, medicine cabinets, operating cabinets, etc. should be located in the wall. The door should be wide and without door description, which is convenient for flat cars to enter and exit. The use of easy-to-swing snap-collar doors should be avoided to prevent the gas from continuing to sit on the soil and bacteria flying. The windows should be double-layered, preferably aluminum alloy window frames, which are conducive to dustproof and thermal insulation. The dense glass is suitable for brown color. The width of the corridor should be no less than 2.5m, which is convenient for the flat car to turn far and avoid the collision of people passing by. Floors should be constructed of hard, smooth and easily washable materials. The ground is slightly inclined to a corner, and a floor drain is set at the lower part to facilitate the discharge of sewage, and the drainage holes are covered to prevent polluted air from entering the room or being blocked by foreign objects. The operating room power supply should have dual-phase power supply facilities to ensure safe operation. There should be enough electrical sockets in each operating room to facilitate the power supply of various instruments and equipment. The socket should be equipped with fire-proof sparks, and there are conductive devices on the ground between the hands and the wood to prevent an explosion caused by sparks. The electrical socket should be sealed with a cover to prevent water from entering, so as to avoid circuit failure affecting the operation. The main power line is centralized in the province, and the central suction 1 and the oxygen pipeline device should be located in the wall. Lighting facilities General lighting should be installed on the wall or roof. Surgical lights should be installed with shadowless lights and spare lights. Water source and fire prevention facilities: taps should be installed in each workshop to facilitate flushing. Fire extinguishers should be installed in corridors and auxiliary rooms to ensure safety. Hot and cold water and high-pressure steam should be fully guaranteed. Ventilation, filtration and sterilization device: modern operating rooms should establish a perfect ventilation, filtration and sterilization device to purify the air. The ventilation methods are full flow, laminar flow, and straight, which can be selected according to the situation. Operating room entry and exit route layout: The layout design of the entry and exit routes must meet the requirements of functional processes and cleanliness zoning. Three entry and exit routes should be set up, one for staff, the second for injured patients, and the third for circulation supply routes such as equipment, teaching, etc. , try to isolate and avoid cross-infection. The temperature adjustment in the operating room is very important, and there should be air conditioning and heating equipment. The air conditioner should be installed in the upper roof, the room temperature should be kept at 24~26°C, and the relative humidity should be about 50%. A section of the operating room is 35-45m, and the special room is about 60m, suitable for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, organ transplantation, etc. The area of the small operating room is 20-30m.
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