The animal laboratory is also called the experimental animal room, which refers to a building suitable for raising and breeding experimental animals. Such buildings should have specific environmental requirements and experimental methods to ensure the quality of animals and the accuracy and reliability of experimental research. According to the degree of control of microorganisms, it can be divided into: open system, barrier system and isolation system.
SPF animal laboratory room:
It meets the requirements of animal living, strictly controls the entry and exit of personnel, items and air, and is suitable for breeding clean or specific pathogenfree (SPF) laboratory animals. The barrier environment that has been tested by a professional monitoring center and passed on-site acceptance by experts can be used as a breeding environment for clean or SPF animals.
Laboratory Animal Room｜Animal Laboratory｜Animal Laboratory Classification and Standards:
According to the laboratory animal microbiological control standards, laboratory animals can be divided into four levels, namely ordinary animals, clean animals, animals without special pathogens, sterile or habitat animals.
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animal laboratory grade |
Corresponding level requirements |
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Class 1 Common Animal (CV) |
Refers to general animals whose microorganisms are not subject to special control. It is required to exclude the pathogens of zoonotic diseases and the pathogens of a very small number of severe infectious diseases in laboratory animals. In order to prevent infectious diseases, certain measures should be taken when raising and breeding experimental animals to ensure that the results used for testing are reproducible (that is, no matter different operators, at different times, use the same strain of Experiments performed by animals according to the prescribed experimental procedures can obtain almost the same results. |
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Class II Cleaner (CL) |
It is required to exclude the pathogens of zoonotic diseases and major infectious diseases of animals. |
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Level 3 Special Pathogen Free (SPF) |
It is required to exclude some specified pathogens in addition to the second level. The method of sterilization and sterilization can use high-efficiency air filter sterilization method, ultraviolet sterilization method, triethylene glycol steam spray method and aluminum chloride aqueous solution spray method. |
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Grade 4 germ-free (GF) or resident (GN) |
Germ-free animals are required to be free of any microorganisms detectable by existing methods. Habitat requires the implantation of one or several known microorganisms on the body of a sterile animal. |
Pathological examination standards for four types of experimental animals:
In terms of pathological examination, the four types of experimental animals also have different pathological examination standards.
Grade 1: Appearance is healthy, and there should be no lesions in major organs.
Secondary: In addition to primary indicators, microscopic examination of lesions without secondary microbial pathogens.
Level 3: Animals without special pathogens. No secondary. tertiary microbial pathogenic lesions.
Grade 4: Lesions without secondary or tertiary microbial pathogens, spleen, and lymph nodes are sterile animal histological structures.
Requirements for animal room environment design:
There are different requirements for animal room design and management for different levels of experimental animals.
Sterile, known bacteria and animals without special pathogens need to be raised in a sterile or aseptic environment as possible. This environment is currently known as a barrier environment internationally, that is, a barrier is used to separate animals from the surrounding polluted environment. Separated, just like the fetus in the mother's womb. From the perspective of controlling microorganisms, this environment is divided into five categories: isolation system, barrier system, semi-barrier system, open system and laminar flow rack system.
1) Isolation system:
is a system for raising animals in containers with handling gloves for the raising of sterile animals and roosts. The interior maintains the 100-level cleanliness required by microorganisms, but the room and operator do not need to be considered as a sterile room.
2) Barrier system:
The sterile clean room of about 10,000~100,000 grades is used as the breeding room, which is mainly used for the long-term breeding and reproduction of special pathogen-free animals. Strict management of entering the room, such as showering, changing personal clothes, etc.
3) Semi-barrier system:
The management of people and objects entering and leaving the room in the barrier system is relaxed, and the plane composition is roughly the same as that of the barrier system.
4) Laminar flow rack system:
The cage is placed in clean horizontal laminar air. Commonly used in small-scale rearing, but there is a risk of contamination when rearing, handling and handling in general rooms. Can be used for semi-barrier supplements.
5) It is a system that does not implement pollution elimination for people, objects, air, etc. entering and leaving the room, but usually a certain degree of cleaning management is required.
Site selection and architectural design of laboratory animal house:
1) The experimental animal room should be built in a clean and quiet environment, high and dry terrain, good drainage and ventilation, and guaranteed water and electricity supply.
2) Try to stay away from factories, prosperous residential areas, slaughter plants, animal and poultry farms, and areas with the threat of epidemic sources and public nuisance pollution. The animal houses of production and scientific research units should be built in a separate community and isolated from other departments.
3) The size of the cleaning preparation room must be determined according to the work content and the space occupied by facilities such as disinfection and sterilization devices.
4) Clean the preparation room, the clean corridor and the washing room are separated by walls, and cracks are absolutely allowed in the walls.
5) The ground should be smooth and not slippery, impervious to water, resistant to liquid corrosion and abrasion. For rooms with strict environmental requirements, consider choosing materials with low dust emission. The corners of the wall and ground should be smooth and without edges and corners.
6) The inner walls should be smooth, water-resistant, wear-resistant, and resistant to disinfectant corrosion. The angle between wall and wall, wall and ceiling or beam should be smooth and no corners.
7) The ceiling is generally not subject to pressure, and a thin cement board coated with waterproof material is used, which can withstand the corrosion of water flushing and disinfection water.
8) The rearing room usually does not have external windows, nor does it have inner windows between the rearing rooms to avoid interference.
9) The door of the breeding room should be an aluminum alloy sealed door, and the opening direction should pay attention to the pressure difference between indoor and outdoor. The door between the barrier and the non-barrier shall be provided with a device that cannot be opened unless certain conditions are met.
10) Wood structures are generally only used as simple temporary buildings; mixed structures are mostly single-storey buildings. The reinforced concrete frame structure has good integrity and small deformation, and should be used in multi-storey buildings.
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